Sports   Wed Jul 9, 2008 11:44
Sport is an action to make possible is governed by a set of rules or customs and regularly engaged in competitively. Used by itself, sports usually refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the member are the sole or primary determiner of the outcome, but the term is also used to encompass activities such as mind sports and motor sports where psychological acuity or equipment quality are main factors. Sports are used as hobby for the player and the viewer. It has also proved by experiments that daily exercise would improve mental strength and power to study.

Sports have been ever more organized and maintenance pace from the time of the Ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialization has brought enhanced leisure time to the citizens of developed and developing countries, leading to more time for people to be present at and follow spectator sports, greater contribution in athletic activities, and increased accessibility. These trends sustained with the beginning of mass media and global statement

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Weather   Thu Jun 19, 2008 5:22
Weather most frequently results from temperature differences from one planet to another. On large scales, temperatures differences arise mainly as areas closer to Earth's equator get more energy per unit area from the Sun than do regions nearer to Earth's poles. On local scales, temperature differences can arise because different surfaces have opposed physical characteristics such as reflectivity, roughness, or moisture content.

Surface temperature differences in roll cause pressure differences. A hot surface heats the air over it and the air expands, lowering the air pressure. The resulting parallel pressure rise accelerates the air from high to low pressure, creating wind, and Earth's rotation then causes curvature of the pour via the Coriolis Effect. The strong temperature contrast among polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet flow. Most weather systems in the mid-latitudes are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Weather systems in the tropics are caused by different processes, such as monsoons shower systems.

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Yoga   Fri May 30, 2008 5:52
Yoga is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy, focusing on meditation as a trail to self-knowledge and freedom. Yoga is seen as a means to mutually physiological and spiritual mastery. Outside India, Yoga has become mainly related with the practice of asanas of Hatha Yoga, although it has influenced the whole dharmic religions family and other spiritual practices throughout the world.

5,000 year old carvings from the Indus Valley Civilization represent a figure that archaeologists think represents a yogi sitting in meditation posture. The sitting in a conventional cross-legged yoga pose with its hands resting on its knees. The explorer of the seal, archaeologist Sir John Marshall, named the figure Shiva Pashupati. A seal from the Indus Valley Civilization, The first known written reference to yoga is in the Rig Veda, likely by the western scholars to be at least 3,500 years old. The Upanishads, Bhagavad-Gita, and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali also converse the concepts and teachings of yoga.

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Weather and climate   Thu May 29, 2008 15:21
The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the planetary ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth is held in place by the planet's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and other inert gases, carbon dioxide, etc.; but air also contains a variable amount of water vapor. The atmospheric pressure declines steadily with altitude, and has a scale height of about 8 kilometers at the Earth's surface: the height at which the atmospheric pressure has declined. The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere plays an important role in depleting the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the surface. As DNA is readily damaged by UV light, this serves to protect life at the surface. The atmosphere also retains heat during the night, thereby reducing the daily temperature extremes.

Terrestrial weather occurs almost exclusively in the lower part of the atmosphere, and serves as a convective system for redistributing heat. Ocean currents are another important factor in determining climate, particularly the major underwater thermohaline circulation which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the Polar Regions. These currents help to moderate the differences in temperature between winter and summer in the temperate zones. Also, without the redistributions of heat energy by the ocean currents and atmosphere, the tropics would be much hotter, and the polar regions much colder.
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Pollution   Wed May 21, 2008 6:29
Pollution is the overture of contaminants into an surroundings, of whatsoever prearranged or decided upon proportions or enclose of reference; these contaminants grounds insecurity, confusion, destruction or uneasiness to the physical systems or living organisms therein. Pollution can get the structure of chemical substances, or power, such as sound, temperature, or light energy. Pollutants, the essentials of pollution, can be distant substances or energies, or naturally happening; while naturally happening, they are considered contaminants at what time they go over normal levels. Pollution is frequently classed as point basis or nonpoint source pollution.
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Animals   Wed May 14, 2008 18:08
Animals are a major group of generally motile, multicultural organisms that feed by consuming material from other living things. Their body plan becomes fixed as they develop, usually early on in their development as embryos, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on.

The word "animal" comes from the Latin word animal, of which animal is the plural, and is derived from anima, meaning vital breath or soul. In everyday colloquial usage, the word usually refers to non-human animals. The biological definition of the word refers to all members of the Kingdom Animalia. Therefore, when the word animal is used in a biological context, humans are included.
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Geography   Fri Feb 29, 2008 5:28
Geography is the study of the earth and its features and of the circulation of life on the Earth. A literal transformation would be "to describe the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (275-195 B.C.). Four historical civilization in geographical research are the spatial analysis of natural and human phenomena, area studies, study of man-land relationship, and investigate in earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-inclusive discipline that foremost seeks to understand the world and all of its human and natural complexities-- not merely where things are, but how they have changed and come to be. It is said to be the "mother of all math" and "the synthesizer of information." Geography is mainly divided into two main branches - human geography and physical geography.

conventionally, geography as well as geographers has been viewed as the same as cartography and people who study place names. Although many geographers are capable in toponymy and cartography, this is not their main preoccupation. Geographers study the spatial and temporal allotment of phenomena, processes and feature as well as the interaction of humans and their environment. As space and place persuade a variety of topics such as economics, health, climate, plants and animals, geography is highly interdisciplinary.

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Transportation   Fri Dec 28, 2007 6:26
Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The term is derived from the portare ("to carry") and Latin trans ("across") . Industries which have the business of providing equipment, actual transport, transport of people or goods and services used in transport of goods or people make up a huge broad and important segment of most national economies, and are collectively referred to as transport industries.

The field of transport has several aspects: loosely they can be divided into a triad of infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Infrastructure includes the transport networks (roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, etc.) that are used, as well as the nodes or terminals (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports). The vehicles generally traverse on the networks, such as automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, aircrafts.

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Entertainment   Sat Dec 15, 2007 5:41
Entertainment is an occasion, piece, or movement designed to give enjoyment or leisure to an audience. The audience may join in the entertainment passively as in actively as in computer games. The playing of sports and reading of journalism are usually included in entertainment, but these are regularly called activity more specifically, because they involve some energetic participation past mere leisure.

While people have laughing themselves since the beginning of time, the entertainment industry first became a leading force in culture in the 20th century with the development of latest electronic technologies of recording and spreading. Western peoples, tired of serious purposes and gathering massacre, turned to popular culture following the two world wars. The financial basis of this new culture was advertising of free or inexpensive entertainment program. In their peak, television networks were great selling machines which, besides entertaining people, prohibited both commercial and political markets by providing direct access to the group of customers. This "territory" is now in danger by the explosion and segmentation of media and especially by the growing importance of communication by computer which allows the consumer to look for out the informational message as an alternative of having it broadcast to him or her. A new system of world history sees Americans in changeover between a fourth, entertainment-based "society" and a future fifth evolution based on computer communication.

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Ecosystems   Sat Dec 1, 2007 6:33


All forms of life interact with the environment in which they exist, and also with other life forms. In the 20th century this premise gave rise to the concept of ecosystems, which can be defined as any situation where there is interaction between organisms and their environment.

Ecosystems are composed of a variety of abiotic and biotic components that function in an interrelated way. The structure and composition is determined by various environmental factors that are interrelated. Variations of these factors will initiate dynamic modifications to the ecosystem. Some of the more important components are: soil, atmosphere, radiation from the sun, water, and living organisms.

Each living organism has a continual relationship with every other element that makes up its environment. Within the ecosystem, species are connected and dependent upon one another in the food chain, and exchange energy and matter between themselves as well as with their environment.
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Microbes   Mon Nov 26, 2007 2:59


The first form of life to develop on the Earth were microbes, and they remained the only form of life on the planet until about a billion years ago when multi-cellular organisms began to appear. Microorganisms are single-celled organisms that are generally smaller than the human eye can see. They include Bacteria, Fungi, Archaea and Protista.

These life forms are found in almost every location on the Earth where there is liquid water, including the interior of rocks within the planet. Their reproduction is both rapid and profuse. The combination of a high mutation rate and a horizontal gene transfer ability makes them highly adaptable, and able to survive in new environments, including outer space. They form an essential part of the planetary ecosystem. However some microorganisms are pathogenic and can post health risk to other organisms.
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Evolution   Thu Nov 22, 2007 3:04


Life, as we understand it, is currently only known to exist on the planet Earth. The origin of life is still a poorly understood process, but it is thought to have occurred about 3.9 to 3.5 billion years ago during the hadean or archean eons on a primordial earth that had a substantially different environment than is found at present. These life forms possessed the basic traits of self-replication and inheritable traits. Once life had appeared, the process of evolution by natural selection resulted in the formation of ever-more diverse life forms.

Species that were unable to adapt to the changing environment and competition from other life forms became extinct. However, the fossil record retains evidence of many of these older species. Current fossil and DNA evidence shows that all existing species can trace a continual ancestry back to the first primitive life forms.

The advent of photosynthesis in very basic forms of plant life worldwide allowed the sun's energy to be harvested to create conditions allowing for more complex life. The resultant oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and gave rise to the ozone layer. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of yet more complex cells called eukaryotes. Cells within colonies became increasingly specialized, resulting in true multicellular organisms. With the ozone layer absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation, life colonized the surface of Earth.
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Life   Thu Nov 1, 2007 5:11


Properties common to terrestrial organisms (plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea and bacteria) are that they are cellular, carbon-and-water-based with complex organization, having a metabolism, a capacity to grow, respond to stimuli, and reproduce. An entity with these properties is generally considered life. However, not every definition of life considers all of these properties to be essential. Human-made analogs of life may also be considered to be life.

The biosphere is the part of Earth's outer shell -including air, land, surface rocks and water - within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform. From the broadest geophysiological point of view, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere (rocks), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air). Currently the entire Earth contains over 75 billion tons (150 trillion pounds or about 6.8 x 1013 kilograms) of biomass (life), which lives within various environments within the biosphere.
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Weather and climate   Wed Oct 17, 2007 5:10


The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the planetary ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth is held in place by the planet's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and other inert gases, carbon dioxide, etc.; but air also contains a variable amount of water vapor. The atmospheric pressure declines steadily with altitude, and has a scale height of about 8 kilometers at the Earth's surface: the height at which the atmospheric pressure has declined by a factor of e (a mathematical constant equal to 2.71...). The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere plays an important role in depleting the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the surface. As DNA is readily damaged by UV light, this serves to protect life at the surface. The atmosphere also retains heat during the night, thereby reducing the daily temperature extremes.

Terrestrial weather occurs almost exclusively in the lower part of the atmosphere, and serves as a convective system for redistributing heat. Ocean currents are another important factor in determining climate, particularly the major underwater thermohaline circulation which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions. These currents help to moderate the differences in temperature between winter and summer in the temperate zones. Also, without the redistributions of heat energy by the ocean currents and atmosphere, the tropics would be much hotter, and the polar regions much colder.
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Historical perspective   Thu Oct 11, 2007 6:06


Based on the available evidence, scientists have reconstructed detailed information about the planet's past. Earth is estimated to have formed approximately 4.55 billion years ago out of the solar nebula, along with the Sun and other planets. The moon formed relatively soon afterwards (roughly 20 million years later, or 4.53 billion years ago).

Initially molten, the outer layer of the planet cooled, resulting in the solid crust. Outgas sing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere. Condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered by comets, produced the oceans. The highly energetic chemistry is believed to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago.

Continents formed, then broke up and re-formed as the surface of Earth reshaped itself over the course of hundreds of millions of years, occasionally combining to make a super continent. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest known super continent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia which broke apart about 540 million years ago, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart about 180 million years ago.
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Nature   Sat Oct 6, 2007 8:29


The word "nature" is derived from the Latin word natura, or "the course of things, natural character." Natura was a Latin translation of the Greek word physis, which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. This is shown in the first written use of the word, in connection with a plant. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word by pre-Socratic philosophers, and has steadily gained currency ever since. This usage was confirmed during the advent of modern scientific method in the last several centuries.

Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" may refer to the general realm of various types of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects - the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth, and the matter and energy of which all these things are composed. It is often taken to mean the "natural environment" or wilderness - wild animals, rocks, forest, beaches, and in general those things that have not been substantially altered by human intervention, or which persist despite human intervention. This more traditional concept of natural things which can still be found today implies a distinction between the natural and the artificial, with the latter being understood as that which has been brought into being by a human or human-like consciousness or mind.
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Weather and climate   Sat Sep 29, 2007 3:39
Weather and climate

The atmosphere of the Earth serves as a key factor in sustaining the planetary ecosystem. The thin layer of gases that envelops the Earth is held in place by the planet's gravity. Dry air consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and other inert gases, carbon dioxide, etc.; but air also contains a variable amount of water vapor. The atmospheric pressure declines steadily with altitude, and has a scale height of about 8 kilometers at the Earth's surface: the height at which the atmospheric pressure has declined by a factor of e (a mathematical constant equal to 2.71...). The ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere plays an important role in depleting the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the surface. As DNA is readily damaged by UV light, this serves to protect life at the surface. The atmosphere also retains heat during the night, thereby reducing the daily temperature extremes.

Terrestrial weather occurs almost exclusively in the lower part of the atmosphere, and serves as a convective system for redistributing heat. Ocean currents are another important factor in determining climate, particularly the major underwater thermohaline circulation which distributes heat energy from the equatorial oceans to the polar regions. These currents help to moderate the differences in temperature between winter and summer in the temperate zones. Also, without the redistributions of heat energy by the ocean currents and atmosphere, the tropics would be much hotter, and the polar regions much colder.
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Karunanidhi era   Wed Aug 29, 2007 8:18
Karunanidhi era DMK championed the cause of Tamil and used its national clout to make Government of India declare Tamil as classical language. In the enrichment of Tamil literature, the writers belonging to DMK had an important role, although it needs to be pointed out that their contributions have tended to be more of expressions of dissent and disgruntlement at what was perceived as social injustice and domination of certain communities, in the social sphere, and of the Northern parts of India, in the political sphere, and substitution of less often used Tamil words for borrowed-assimilated popular ones for administrative and oratorical purposes, in the linguistic sphere. The DMK is also sympathetic to the separatist struggle in Eelam. It split over the past three decades into the AIADMK in the 1970s and the MDMK in the 1990s. Succession crisis The decade-long cold war of succession between the two sons of Karunanidhi - Stalin and Azhagiri - finally came into the open in early 2007 when supporters of Azhagiri rampaged a local newspaper's office for publishing an opinion poll that indicated 70% chance for Stalin and merely 2% chance for Azhagiri to succeed to the top post of DMK. It was long believed that Azhagiri dominated the eight southern districts of Tamil Nadu. As a result of the uproar within the party, Dayanidhi Maran, the Union cabinet minister for Communications and Information Technology (and proprietor of the vernacular daily that published the opinion poll) was sacked from the position, since a resolution was passed against him by his party DMK for violating party discipline and bringing it to disrepute. Thus, the grip of the Maran clan on the party finally loosened.

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Tort law   Fri Aug 24, 2007 9:16
Tort law Tort law a duty of care is a legal compulsion imposed on an individual requiring that they exercise a reasonable standard of care while performing any acts that could foreseeable harm others. For an action in negligence, there must be an identified duty of care in law.

Duty of care may be measured a formalization of the understood responsibilities held by an individual towards another person within society. It is not a requirement that a duty of care be defined by law, though it will often develop through the jurisprudence of common law. Hospital will be held to reasonable standards for members of their profession, rather than folks of the general public in cases related to their fields.

Breach of duty of care, if chief in an injury, may subject a character to liability in tort. Duty of care is a vital responsibility of care must exist and must have been breach for the tort to occur.

The Duty of Care between persons may exist between individuals not currently related, but connected in some other manner, as defined by regular law. For instance, an engineer or construction company involved in erecting a building may be reasonably responsible to tenants inhabiting the structure many years in the future.

The plaintiffs, being an associate of the class for which the home was constructed, are entitled to a duty of care in construction commensurate with industry standards. In the light of the fact so as to the home was constructed as speculative, the home builder cannot reasonably quarrel he envisioned anything but a class of purchasers. By placing this product into the stream of trade, the builder owes a duty of care to those who will use his artificial goods, so as to render him accountable for negligent workmanship.

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The Himalayan mountain range with Mount Everest   Fri Aug 17, 2007 7:09
The Himalayan mountain range with Mount Everest

A mountain is usually produced by the movement of lithosphere plates, either organic movement or epeirogenesis movement. The compression forces, isocratic uplift and intrusion of igneous matter forces surface rock upwards, creating a landform higher than the nearby features. The height of the trait makes it either a hill or, if higher and steeper, a mountain. The utter heights of features termed mountain and hills vary greatly according to an area's terrain.

The major mountains tend to occur in long linear arcs, indicating tectonic plate boundaries and activity. Mountain creation tends to occur in discrete periods, each referred to as an progeny. The progeny may last millions of years, and the uplifted region is being worn away, produce valley-and-peak terrain, even while the uplift is taking place. Two types of mountain are formed depending on how the rock reacts to the tectonic forces – Block Mountains or fold mountain.

The density forces in continental collisions may cause the compressed region to thicken, so the upper surface is forced upwards. In order to balance the weight, much of the compressed rock is forced downwards, producing deep "mountain roots". Mountains therefore outline downwards as well as upwards. However, in some continental collisions part of one continent may simply override part of the others, crumpling in the process.

Some isolated mountain was produced by volcanoes, counting many apparently small islands that reach a great height above the ocean floor.

Block Mountains be created when large areas are widely broken up by faults creating large vertical displacements. This incidence is fairly common. The uplifted blocks are Block Mountains or horsts. The intervening dropped blocks are termed grebe: these can be minute or form extensive rift valley systems. This form of landscape can be seen in East Africa, the Vosges, the Basin and Range province of Western North America and the Rhine valley.

Where shake does not liability it folds, moreover symmetrically or asymmetrically. The unfold are anticlines and the down folds are synclines; in asymmetric folding there may also be recumbent and wrong side up folds. The judges Mountains are an example of folding. Over time, wearing away can bring about an inversion of relief: the soft up thrust rock is dilapidated away so the anticlines are actually lower than the tougher, more compressed rock of the synclines.

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Boating Weather: Mood: Tue Aug 7, 2007 7:43
Boating

Boating, the leisurely activity of traveling by boat typically refers to the spare time use of boats whether power boats, sail boats, or yachts (large vessels), listening carefully on the travel itself, as well as sports activities, such as fishing or waterskiing. Boating is an extremely popular activity, and there are millions of boaters worldwide.

Frivolous boats (sometimes called pleasure craft, especially for less sporting activities) fall into several broad category, and additional subcategories. Broad categories include dinghies (generally under 16' powered by sail, small engines, or muscle power), paddle sports boats (kayaks, rowing shells, canoes), runabouts (15-25' powerboats with either outboard, stern drive, or inboard engines), detailers (14–25' sailboats, frequently with a small auxiliary engine), cruisers (25–65' powerboats with cabins), and cruising and racing sailboats (25–65' sailboats with auxiliary engines). A very common type of boat in England is the canal Narrow boat, usually en suite out with sleeping anywhere to live, though it is not clear which of the above categories it fits in (some are 72 feet long).

The National Marine manufacturer Association, the society that establish several of the standards that are commonly used in the marine industry in the United States, defines 32 types of boats indicating the diversity of boat types and their specialization.

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Tomato   Wed Jul 11, 2007 9:25
Tomato plant in the Solanaceae or nightshade family, as are its close cousins tobacco, chili peppers, potato, and eggplant, which is native to Central, South, and southern North America from Mexico to Peru. It is a perennial plant, often grown outdoors in temperate climates as an annual plant, typically reaching to 1–3 m (3 to 10 feet) in tallness, with a weak, woody stem that often vines over other plants. The leaves are 10–25 cm long, pinnate, with 5–9 leaflets, each leaflet up to 8 cm long, with a serrated margin; both the stem and leaves are densely glandular-hairy. The flowers are 1–2 cm across, yellow, with five pointed lobes on the corolla; they are borne in a cyme of 3–12 together. The utterance tomato derives from a word in the Nahuatl language, tomato. The specific name, lycopersicum, means "wolf-peach"

According to Andrew F Smith's The Tomato in America, the tomato probably originated in the highlands of the west coast of South America. Smith notes there is no evidence the tomato was cultivated or even eaten before the Spanish arrived. Other researchers, however, have pointed out that this is not conclusive, as many other fruits in continuous cultivation in Peru are not present in the very limited historical record. Much horticultural knowledge was lost after the arrival of Europeans.

There is a competing theory that says the tomato, like the word "tomato", originated in Mexico, where one of the two apparently oldest "wild" types grows. It is entirely possible that domestication even arose in both regions independently.

In any case, by some means the tomato migrated to Central America. Maya and other peoples in the region used the fruit in their cooking, and it was being cultivated in southern Mexico and probably other areas, by the 16th century. It is thought that the Pueblo people believed those who witnessed the ingestion of tomato seeds were blessed with powers of forecast. The large, lumpy tomato, a mutation from a smoother, smaller fruit, originated and was encouraged in Central America. Smith states this variant is the direct ancestor of some modern cultivated tomatoes.

Two modern tomato cultivar groups, one represented by the Matt's Wild Cherry tomato, the other by currant tomatoes, and both originate by recent domestication of the wild tomato plants apparently resident to eastern Mexico.

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Orchard Oriole Weather: Mood: Mon Jun 18, 2007 10:45
1. Orchard Oriole

The Orchard Oriole, Icterus spurius, is the smallest species of icterid blackbird at 16 cm (6.3 inches) long and a weight of 20 g.

The adult has a pointed bill and white wing bars. The adult male is chestnut on the underparts, shoulder and rump, with the rest of the plumage being black. One-year males are yellow with a black bib. The adult female is olive-green on the upper parts, yellowish on the breast and belly. The breeding habitat is semi-open areas with deciduous trees across eastern North America south to central Mexico, often near water. The nest is a tightly woven pouch attached to a fork on a horizontal branch. In some parts of their range, they may nest in small colonies.

These birds migrate in flocks for wintering from central Mexico south through Central America to northern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela. In the Caribbean, they can often be found on the Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

They forage in trees and shrubs, also making short flights to catch insects and feed from flowers. These birds mainly eat insects, berries and nectar; also flower parts.

The spurius in the species name refers to the original false identification of the male as a female Baltimore oriole. These birds are sometimes mistakenly identified as warblers.

Description

I. Small oriole, medium-sized songbird.

II. Long tail.

III. Thin, pointed bill.

IV. Wingbars.

V. Adult male deep brick red with all-black head, back, and tail.

VI. Female and yearling male yellow-green, male with black bib.

VII. Size: 15-18 cm (6-7 in)

VIII. Wingspan: 25 cm (10 in)

IX. Weight: 16-28 g (0.56-0.99 ounces)

Sex Differences

Adult male deep brick red with black head. Female all greenish yellow. Yearling male yellow with black bib.

Sound Song a rich, whistled warbling with some guttural notes, ending with a slurred "wheer." Calls include a soft "chuk" and a rapid chatter.

Other Names

Oriole des vergers (French) Bolsero castaño, Calandria café, Pararo de huertos, Turpial de huertos (Spanish)

Cool Facts

• Only loosely territorial, the Orchard Oriole is often described as a "semicolonial" species in areas of prime habitat, but it is relatively solitary in marginal habitats. In areas of dense nesting, one tree may contain multiple nests.

• The Orchard Oriole is a rather late spring migrant, but it heads back southward quickly. Some orioles may return to their wintering grounds as early as mid-July.

• The Orchard Oriole eats nectar and pollen from flowers, especially during the winter. It is an important pollinator for some tropical tree species, transferring the pollen from flower to flower on its head.

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History of the People's Republic of China   Wed Jan 17, 2007 5:20
The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949 with the Communist Party of China in control of the mainland, and the Kuomintang retreating to Taiwan and some outlying islands of Fujian. On October 1, 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China, declaring "the Chinese people have stood up."

Following a series of dramatic economic failures, like the famous Great Leap Forward, Mao stepped down from his position as chairman in 1959, with Liu Shaoqi, nominated by the National People's Congress, as successor. Mao still had a huge influence over the Party, but was removed from day-to-day management of economic affairs, which came under the control of a more reasonable leadership consisting of Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping, and others who initiated economic reforms.

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Instrument Amplifiers   Thu Dec 21, 2006 6:16
Instrument amplifiers differ from Hi-Fi ie. high fidelity stereo amplifiers in design and intent. Hi-Fi amplifiers are designed to accurately reproduce the source sound signals at very high fidelity.In contrast, instrument amplifiers are often designed to add additional tonal coloration to the original signal or emphasize certain frequencies. For electric instruments such as electric guitar, the amplifier has a major role in the creation of the instrument's tone which is used by all instruments.

Instrument amplifiers that provide distortion or dissimilarities between the input and output signals are sought out by musicians in many genres. Many instrument amplifiers for electric guitar and bass allow performers to add distortion by boosting the input signal gain.The two exceptions are keyboard amplifiers and acoustic amplifiers which are used for amplifying acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitar, violin, mandolin, etc.Acoustic amplifiers typically aim for a relatively flat response which is needed by all instruments.

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